区域协同救治模式下转运距离对ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者溶栓治疗后或直接转运经皮冠状动脉介入治疗预后的影响Eff ects of transport distance on prognosis of percutaneous coronary intervention after thrombolytic or primary percutaneous coronary intervention in ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction patients under the regional cooperative treatment model
陈伟杰,杨智华,石燕昆,常乐,樊君,陈长征,彭倬,杨丽霞
摘要(Abstract):
目的 探究区域协同救治模式下转运距离对ST段抬高型心肌梗死(STEMI)患者溶栓治疗后或直接转运经皮冠状动脉介入治疗(PCI)预后的影响。方法 纳入2019年1月1日至2020年12月31日通过区域协同救治模式经网络医院溶栓治疗后或直接转运至中国人民解放军联勤保障部队第九二〇医院的STEMI患者477例,根据转运距离和再灌注方式分为A组(转运距离≥60 km溶栓治疗后转运PCI组)、B组(转运距离≥60 km直接转运PCI组)和C组(转运距离<60 km直接转运PCI组)。比较3组临床基线资料、时间节点、介入相关资料、院内用药资料,观察终点为术后1年主要不良心脑血管事件和心功能。结果 477例患者平均年龄(60.6±12.4)岁,男性占77.1%。根据转运距离和再灌注方式分为3组:A组159例(33.3%),B组177例(37.1%),C组141例(29.6%)。A组较B组入门至出门(DIDO)时间[125(82,190)min比68(43,130)min,P<0.001]和首次医疗接触至球囊扩张(FMC2B)时间[288(210,371)min比196(149,315)min,P<0.001]延长,B组较C组发病至球囊扩张(S2B)时间[478(278,899)min比385(258,640)min,P=0.009]和FMC2B时间[196(149,315)min比189(135,247)min,P=0.048]延长,A组较C组发病至首次医疗接触时间[170(80,320)min比165(75,330)min,P=0.005]、DIDO时间[125(82,190)min比73(45,122)min,P<0.001]和FMC2B时间[288(210,371)min比189(135,247)min,P<0.001]延长,差异均有统计学意义。和A组相比较,B组术前心肌梗死溶栓治疗试验(TIMI)血流分级[0(0,3)级比3(0,3)级,P<0.001]和C组术前TIMI血流分级[0(0,3)级比3(0,3)级,P<0.001]均更优,差异均有统计学意义。A组较B组全因死亡率(8.2%比17.5%,P=0.011)和心原性死亡率(5.7%比15.8%,P=0.003)降低,术后1年左心室舒张末期内径(LVEDd)[(47.4±6.1)mm比(48.9±6.0)mm,P=0.021]减小、左心室射血分数(LVEF)[(50.0±8.4)%比(47.5±7.2)%,P=0.005]升高;B组较C组全因死亡率(17.5%比7.1%,P=0.006)和心原性死亡率(15.8%比5.7%,P=0.005)升高,术后1年LVEDd[(48.9±6.0)mm比(46.1±6.4)mm,P<0.001]增大、LVEF[(47.5±7.2)%比(49.4±8.0)%,P=0.038]降低,差异均有统计学意义。Logistic多因素回归分析显示,溶栓治疗(OR0.488,95%CI0.247~0.962,P=0.038)是转运距离≥60 km的STEMI患者溶栓治疗或直接转运PCI术后1年全因死亡的保护因素。结论 转运距离是影响STEMI患者溶栓治疗后或直接转运PCI预后的重要因素,当转运距离≥60 km时应首选溶栓治疗后转运PCI,而转运距离<60 km可以直接转运PCI,从而使患者获得及时有效的早期再灌注治疗,降低远期临床不良事件及改善心功能。
关键词(KeyWords): ST段抬高型心肌梗死;经皮冠状动脉介入治疗;胸痛中心;转运距离
基金项目(Foundation): 构建与完善急性心肌梗死院前急救体系研究项目(2016YFC1301201)
作者(Author): 陈伟杰,杨智华,石燕昆,常乐,樊君,陈长征,彭倬,杨丽霞
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