张航,石凤梧

• 1:河北医科大学第二医院心脏外科

摘要(Abstract)：

房性功能性二尖瓣关闭不全是功能性二尖瓣关闭不全的一种特殊类型，可与心房颤动互为因果，相互作用，若不及时干预，预后极差。房性功能性二尖瓣关闭不全在早中期，可运用经导管微创化治疗手段干预，有效控制心房颤动，逆转心房、二尖瓣的结构重塑，有效减轻二尖瓣反流。

关键词(KeyWords)： 心房颤动;功能性二尖瓣反流;心导管消融术;经导管二尖瓣缘对缘修复术;经导管二尖瓣置换术

Abstract:

Keywords:

基金项目(Foundation):

作者(Author): 张航,石凤梧

参考文献(References)：

• [1]王斌，陈翔，苏茂龙，等.新一代国产经股静脉入径经导管二尖瓣缘对缘修复系统治疗高风险功能性二尖瓣反流首例报道[J].中国介入心脏病学杂志，2021,29(7):416-418.
• [2] Jones EC, Devereux RB, Roman MJ, et al. Prevalence and correlates of mitral regurgitation in a population-based sample(the strong heart study)[J]. Am J Cardiol, 2001, 87(3):298-304.
• [3]葛均波，周达新，潘文志.经导管心脏瓣膜治疗术[M].上海：上海科技出版社，2013:89-97.
• [4] Nkomo VT, Gardin JM, Skelton TN,et al. Burden of valvular heart diseases:a population-based study[J]. Lancet,2006,368(9540):1005-1011.
• [5]潘文志，周达新，葛均波.二尖瓣反流机制的新认识及其应用[J].中国医学前沿杂志（电子版），2017,9(10):43-46.
• [6] Abe Y, Takahashi Y, Shibata T. Functional mitral regurgitation,updated:ventricular or atrial[J]. J Echocardiogr, 2020, 18(1):1-8.
• [7] Machino-Ohtsuka T, Seo Y, Ishizu T, et al. Novel mechanistic insights into atrial functional mitral regurgitation-3-dimensional echocardiographic study[J]. Circ J, 2016, 80(10):2240-2248.
• [8] Kagiyama N, Hayashida A, Toki M, et al. Insufficient leafl et remodeling in patients with atrial fi brillation:association with the severity of mitral regurgitation[J]. Circ Cardiovasc Imaging, 2017,10(3):e005451.
• [9] Itabashi Y, Mihara H, Berdejo J, et al. Distant position of chordae from coaptation causes mitral regurgitation in patients with atrial fibrillation[J]. J Heart Valve Dis, 2016, 25(3):323-331.
• [10] Sharma S, Lardizabal J, Monterroso M, et al. Clinically unrecognized mitral regurgitation is prevalent in lone atrial fi brillation[J]. World J Cardiol, 2012, 4(5):183-187.
• [11] Kihara T, Gillinov AM, Takasaki K,et al. Mitral regurgitation associated with mitral annular dilation in patients with lone atrial fi brillation:an echocardiographic study[J]. Echocardiography,2009,26(8):885-889.
• [12] Kim DH, Heo R, Handschumacher MD,et al. Mitral valve adaptation to isolated annular dilation:insights into the mechanism of atrial functional mitral regurgitation[J]. JACC Cardiovasc Imaging,2019,12(4):665-677.
• [13] Ito K, Abe Y, Takahashi Y,et al. Mechanism of atrial functional mitral regurgitation in patients with atrial fibrillation:a study using three-dimensional transesophageal echocardiography[J].J Cardiol,2017,70(6):584-590.
• [14] Delgado V, Bax JJ. Atrial functional mitral regurgitation:from mitral annulus dilatation to insu ffi cient leafl et remodeling[J].Circ Cardiovasc Imaging,2017,10(3):e006239.
• [15] van der B, Vo NM, Leung M,et al. Impact of atrial fi brillation on improvement of functional mitral regurgitation in cardiac resynchronization therapy[J]. Heart Rhythm,2018,15(12):1816-1822.
• [16] Liang JJ, Silvestry FE. Mechanistic insights into mitral regurgitation due to atrial fibrillation：“Atrial functional mitral regurgitation”[J]. Trends Cardiovasc Med,2016,26(8):681-689.
• [17] Takahashi Y, Abe Y, Sasaki Y,et al. Mitral valve repair for atrial functional mitral regurgitation in patients with chronic atrial fibrillation[J]. Interact Cardiovasc Thorac Surg,2015,21(2):163-168.
• [18] Silbiger JJ. Mechanistic insights into atrial functional mitral regurgitation:far more complicated than just left atrial remodeling[J].Echocardiography,2019,36(1):164-169.
• [19] Flachskampf FA, Chandra S, Gaddipatti A,et al.Analysis of shape and motion of the mitral annulus in subjects with and without cardiomyopathy by echocardiographic 3-dimensional reconstruction[J]. J Am Soc Echocardiogr,2000,13(4):277-287.
• [20] Salgo IS, Gorman JH 3rd, Gorman RC, et al. Ef fect of annular shape on leaflet curvature in reducing mitral leaflet stress[J].Circulation, 2002, 106(6):711-717.
• [21] Caiani EG, Fusini L, Veronesi F, et al. Quantification of mitral annulus dynamic morphology in patients with mitral valve prolapse undergoing repair and annuloplasty during a6-month follow-up[J]. Eur J Echocardiogr, 2011, 12(5):375-383.
• [22] Kagiyama N, Hayashida A, Toki M,et al. Insufficient leafl et remodeling in patients with atrial fi brillation:association with the severity of mitral regurgitation[J]. Circ Cardiovasc Imaging,2017,10(3):e005451.
• [23] Bartko PE, Dal-Bianco JP, Guerrero JL,et al. Effect of losartan on mitral valve changes after myocardial infarction[J].J Am Coll Cardiol,2017,70(10):1232-1244.
• [24] Yoon YE, Kim HJ, Kim SA, et al. Left atrial mechanical function and stiffness in patients with paroxysmal atrial fibrillation[J]. J Cardiovasc Ultrasound, 2012, 20(3):140-145.
• [25] Gertz ZM, Raina A, Saghy L, et al. Evidence of atrial functional mitral regurgitation due to atrial fi brillation:reversal with arrhythmia control[J]. J Am Coll Cardiol, 2011, 58(14):1474-1481.
• [26] Quintana E, Suri RM, Thalji NM, et al. Left ventricular dysfunction after mitral valve repair—the fallacy of “normal”preoper ative myocardial function[J]. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg, 2014, 148(6):2752-2760.
• [27] Suri RM, Schaff HV, Dearani JA, et al. Determinants of early decline in ejection fraction after surgical correctionof mitral regurgitation[J]. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg, 2008, 136(2):442-447.
• [28]林果为，王吉耀，葛均波，等.实用内科学[M].15版.上海：人民卫生出版社，2017:946-947.
• [29]沈启明，刘伏元.心房颤动的导管消融治疗[J].安徽医药，2013,17(9):1597-1600.
• [30] Nishino S, Watanabe N, Ashikaga K,et al. Reverse remodeling of the mitral valve complex after radiofrequency catheter ablation for atrial fibrillation:a serial 3-dimensional echocardiographic study[J]. Circ Cardiovasc Imaging,2019,12(10):e009317.
• [31] Nademanee K. Trials and travails of electrogram-guided ablation of chronic atrial fibrillation[J]. Circulation,2007,115(20):2592-2594.
• [32] Kuppahally SS, Akoum N, Badger TJ,et al. Echocardiographic left atrial reverse remodeling after catheter ablation of atrial fi brillation is predicted by preablation delayed enhancement of left atrium by magnetic resonance imaging[J]. Am Heart J,2010,160(5):877-884.
• [33] Machino-Ohtsuka T, Seo Y, Ishizu T,et al. Significant improvement of left atrial and left atrial appendage function after catheter ablation for persistent atrial fibrillation[J]. Circ J,2013,77(7):1695-1704.
• [34] Yoshida J, Ikenaga H, Nagaura T, et al. Impact of percutaneous edge-to-edge repair in patients with atrial functional mitral regurgitation[J]. Circ J, 2021, 85(7):1001-1010.
• [35] Ikenaga H, Higashihara T, Itakura K, et al. Successful MitraClip therapy for atrial functional mitral regurgitation with severe mitral annular calcification[J]. JACC Cardiovasc Interv, 2021, 14(1):101-102.
• [36]牛海军.二尖瓣夹闭技术治疗二尖瓣返流的进展[J].华夏医学，2019,32(2):187-191.
• [37]秦悦，徐臣年，杨剑.经心尖入径二尖瓣置换术的临床应用及展望[J].中国介入心脏病学杂志，2019,27(2):115-118.
• [38] Sondergaard L, Ussia GP, Dumonteil N, et al. The CardiAQ transcatheter mitral valve implantation system[J].EuroIntervention,2015,11(Suppl W):W76-W77.
• [39] Yoon SH, Whisenant BK, Bleiziffer S, et al. Outcomes of transcatheter mitral valve replacement for degenerated bioprostheses, failed annuloplasty rings, and mitral annular calcifi cation[J]. Eur Heart J,2019,40(5):441-451.
• [40] Guerrero M, Urena M, Himbert D, et al. 1-year outcomes of transcatheter mitral valve replacement in patients with severe mitral annular calcifi cation[J]. J Am Coll Cardiol, 2018, 71(17):1841-1853.