刘雨蒙,祖凌云,高炜

• 1:北京大学第三医院心内科
• 2:卫生部心血管分子生物学与调节肽重点实验室
• 3:分子心血管学教育部重点实验室
• 4:心血管受体研究北京市重点实验室

摘要(Abstract)：

<正>多元不饱和脂肪酸(polyunsaturated fatty acids,PUFAs)是人体生长的必需物质,与人体健康密切相关。PUFAs中第一个双键出现在甲基端碳原子的第3位的一大类称之为ω-3 PUFAs。ω-3 PUFAs是人体的必需脂肪酸,体内不能合成,主要由食物直接供给。早在1976年,学者们就发现,以海鱼、鲸类、海豹等海洋动物为主要食物来源的爱斯基摩人心肌梗死的发病率明显低于丹麦人~([1])。近些年来,大量的临

关键词(KeyWords)： ω-3多元不饱和脂肪酸;动脉粥样硬化;高血压;高脂血症;糖尿病

Abstract:

Keywords:

基金项目(Foundation): 国家自然科学基金面上项目(81670323)

作者(Author): 刘雨蒙,祖凌云,高炜

参考文献(References)：

• [1]Bang HO,Dyerberg J,Hjoorne N.The composition of food consumed by Greenland Eskimos.Acta Med Scand,1976,200(1-2):69-73.
• [2]Roy J,Le Guennec JY.Cardioprotective effects of omega 3 fatty acids:origin of the variability.J Muscle Res Cell Motil,2016,Nov 18.[Epub ahead of print].
• [3]Garg ML,Leitch J,Blake RJ,et al.Long-chain n-3polyunsaturated fatty acid incorporation into human atrium following fish oil supplementation.Lipids,2006,41(12):1127-1132.
• [4]Colussi G,Catena C,Novello M,et al.Impact of omega-3polyunsaturated fatty acids on vascular function and blood pressure:Relevance for cardiovascular outcomes.Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis,2016,27(3):191-200.
• [5]Lopez D,Orta X,Casos K,et al.Upregulation of endothelial nitric oxide synthase in rat aorta after ingestion of fish oil-rich diet.Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol,2004,287(2):H567-H572.
• [6]Wang HH,Hung TM,Wei J,et al.Fish oil increases antioxidant enzyme activities in macrophages and reduces atherosclerotic lesions in apo E-knockout mice.Cardiovasc Res,2004,61(1):169-176.
• [7]Chisaki K,Okuda Y,Suzuki S,et al.Eicosapentaenoic acid suppresses basal and insulin-stimulated endothelin-1 production in human endothelial cells.Hypertens Res,2003,26(8):655-661.
• [8]Wu SY,Mayneris-Perxachs J,Lovegrove JA,et al.Fish-oil supplementation alters numbers of circulating endothelial progenitor cells and microparticles independently of e NOS genotype.Am J Clin Nutr,2014,100(5):1232-1243.
• [9]Hoshi T,Wissuwa B,Tian Y,et al.Omega-3 fatty acids lower blood pressure by directly activating large-conductance Ca(2)(+)-dependent K(+)channels.Proc Natl Acad Sci USA,2013,110(12):4816-4821.
• [10]Wu JH,Cahill LE,Mozaffarian D.Effect of fish oil on circulating adiponectin:a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.J Clin Endocrinol Metab,2013,98(6):2451-2459.
• [11]Sukumar P,Sedo A,Li J,et al.Constitutively active TRPC channels of adipocytes confer a mechanism for sensing dietary fatty acids and regulating adiponectin.Circ Res,2012,111(2):191-200.
• [12]Grenon SM,Owens CD,Nosova EV,et al.Short-Term,HighDose Fish Oil Supplementation Increases the Production of Omega-3 Fatty Acid-Derived Mediators in Patients With Peripheral Artery Disease(the OMEGA-PAD I Trial).J Am Heart Assoc,2015,4(8):e002034.
• [13]Wang Q,Liang X,Wang L,et al.Effect of omega-3 fatty acids supplementation on endothelial function:a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.Atherosclerosis,2012,221(2):536-543.
• [14]Xin W,Wei W,Li X.Effect of fish oil supplementation on fasting vascular endothelial function in humans:a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.Plo S one,2012,7(9):e46028.
• [15]Singhal A,Lanigan J,Storry C,et al.Docosahexaenoic acid supplementation,vascular function and risk factors for cardiovascular disease:a randomized controlled trial in young adults.J Am Heart Assoc.,2013,2(4):e000283.
• [16]Jump DB.The biochemistry of n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids.J Biol Chem,2002,277(11):8755-8758.
• [17]Serhan CN.Pro-resolving lipid mediators are leads for resolution physiology.Nature,2014,510(7503):92-101.
• [18]Meydani SN,Endres S,Woods MM,et al.Oral(n-3)fatty acid supplementation suppresses cytokine production and lymphocyte proliferation:comparison between young and older women.J Nutr,1991,121(4):547-555.
• [19]Oh DY,Talukdar S,Bae EJ,et al.GPR120 is an omega-3 fatty acid receptor mediating potent anti-inflammatory and insulinsensitizing effects.Cell,2010,142(5):687-698.
• [20]Williams-Bey Y,Boularan C,Vural A,et al.Omega-3 free fatty acids suppress macrophage inflammasome activation by inhibiting NF-kappa B activation and enhancing autophagy.Plo S one,2014,9(6):e97957.
• [21]Colussi G,Catena C,Dialti V,et al.Effects of the consumption of fish meals on the carotid Intima Media thickness in patients with hypertension:a prospective study.J Atheroscler Thromb,2014,21(9):941-956.
• [22]Murie-Fernandez M,Irimia P,Toledo E,et al.Carotid intimamedia thickness changes with Mediterranean diet:a randomized trial(PREDIMED-Navarra).Atherosclerosis,2011,219(1):158-162.
• [23]Thies F,Garry JM,Yaqoob P,et al.Association of n-3polyunsaturated fatty acids with stability of atherosclerotic plaques:a randomised controlled trial.Lancet,2003,361(9356):477-485.
• [24]Yamano T,Kubo T,Shiono Y,et al.Impact of eicosapentaenoic acid treatment on the fibrous cap thickness in patients with coronary atherosclerotic plaque:an optical coherence tomography study.J Atheroscler Thromb,2015,22(1):52-61.
• [25]Wang JH,Eguchi K,Matsumoto S,et al.The omega-3polyunsaturated fatty acid,eicosapentaenoic acid,attenuates abdominal aortic aneurysm development via suppression of tissue remodeling.Plo S one,2014,9(5):e96286.
• [26]Colussi G,Catena C,Mos L,et al.The Metabolic Syndrome and the Membrane Content of Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids in Hypertensive Patients.Metab Syndr Relat Disord,2015,13(8):343-351.
• [27]Colussi GL,Baroselli S,Sechi L.Omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids decrease plasma lipoprotein(a)levels in hypertensive subjects.Clin Nutr,2004,23(5):1246-1247.
• [28]Pase MP,Grima NA,Sarris J.Do long-chain n-3 fatty acids reduce arterial stiffness?A meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials.Br J Nutr,2011,106(7):974-980.
• [29]Tousoulis D,Plastiras A,Siasos G,et al.Omega-3 PUFAs improved endothelial function and arterial stiffness with a parallel antiinflammatory effect in adults with metabolic syndrome.Atherosclerosis,2014,232(1):10-16.
• [30]Bryant J,Hanson M,Peebles C,et al.Higher oily fish consumption in late pregnancy is associated with reduced aortic stiffness in the child at age 9 years.Circ Res,2015,116(7):1202-1205.
• [31]Colussi G,Catena C,Dialti V,et al.The vascular response to vasodilators is related to the membrane content of polyunsaturated fatty acids in hypertensive patients.J Hypertens,2015,33(5):993-1000.
• [32]Bonaa KH,Bjerve KS,Straume B,et al.Effect of eicosapentaenoic and docosahexaenoic acids on blood pressure in hypertension.A population-based intervention trial from the Tromso study.N Engl J Med,1990,322(12):795-801.
• [33]Liu JC,Conklin SM,Manuck SB,et al.Long-chain omega-3fatty acids and blood pressure.Am J Hypertens,2011,24(10):1121-1126.
• [34]Park Y,Oh SH,Rhee MY.Association between 24-hour ambulatory blood pressure and erythrocyte n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids in Korean subjects with hypertension.Nutr Res,2010,30(12):807-814.
• [35]Prisco D,Paniccia R,Bandinelli B,et al.Effect of mediumterm supplementation with a moderate dose of n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids on blood pressure in mild hypertensive patients.Thromb Res,1998,91(3):105-112.
• [36]Colussi G,Catena C,Dialti V,et al.Fish meal supplementation and ambulatory blood pressure in patients with hypertension:relevance of baseline membrane fatty acid composition.Am JHypertens,2014,27(3):471-481.
• [37]Campbell F,Dickinson HO,Critchley JA,et al.A systematic review of fish-oil supplements for the prevention and treatment of hypertension.Eur J Prev Cardiol,2013,20(1):107-120.
• [38]Yang B,Shi MQ,Li ZH,et al.Fish,Long-Chain n-3 PUFAand incidence of elevated blood pressure:a meta-analysis of prospective cohort studies.Nutrients,2016,8(1).
• [39]Kelley DS,Siegel D,Vemuri M,et al.Docosahexaenoic acid supplementation improves fasting and postprandial lipid profiles in hypertriglyceridemic men.Am J Clin Nutr,2007,86(2):324-333.
• [40]Kanji S,Seely D,Yazdi F,et al.Interactions of commonly used dietary supplements with cardiovascular drugs:a systematic review.Syst Rev,2012,1:26.
• [41]Backes J,Anzalone D,Hilleman D,et al.The clinical relevance of omega-3 fatty acids in the management of hypertriglyceridemia.Lipids Health Dis,2016,15(1):118.
• [42]Woodman RJ,Mori TA,Burke V,et al.Docosahexaenoic acid but not eicosapentaenoic acid increases LDL particle size in treated hypertensive type 2 diabetic patients.Diabetes care,2003,26(1):253.
• [43]Guichardant M,Calzada C,Bernoud-Hubac N,et al.Omega-3polyunsaturated fatty acids and oxygenated metabolism in atherothrombosis.Biochim Biophys Acta,2015,1851(4):485-495.
• [44]Feskens EJ,Bowles CH,Kromhout D.Inverse association between fish intake and risk of glucose intolerance in normoglycemic elderly men and women.Diabetes care,1991,14(11):935-941.
• [45]Bjerregaard P,Pedersen HS,Mulvad G.The associations of a marine diet with plasma lipids,blood glucose,blood pressure and obesity among the inuit in Greenland.Eur J Clin Nutr,2000,54(9):732-737.
• [46]Huang T,Wahlqvist ML,Xu T,et al.Increased plasma n-3polyunsaturated fatty acid is associated with improved insulin sensitivity in type 2 diabetes in China.Mol Nutr Food Res,2010,54 Suppl 1:S112-S119.
• [47]Flachs P,Rossmeisl M,Kopecky J.The effect of n-3 fatty acids on glucose homeostasis and insulin sensitivity.Physiol Res,2014,63 Suppl 1:S93-S118.
• [48]Mostad IL,Bjerve KS,Bjorgaas MR,et al.Effects of n-3 fatty acids in subjects with type 2 diabetes:reduction of insulin sensitivity and time-dependent alteration from carbohydrate to fat oxidation.Am J Clin Nutr,2006,84(3):540-550.
• [49]Investigators OT,Bosch J,Gerstein HC,et al.n-3 fatty acids and cardiovascular outcomes in patients with dysglycemia.N Engl J Med,2012,367(4):309-318.